Everything about Red River Valley totally explained
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For other uses, see Red River (disambiguation).
The
Red River Valley is a region in central
North America that's drained by the
Red River of the North. It is significant in the
geography of
North Dakota,
Minnesota, and
Manitoba for its relatively fertile lands and the population centers of
Fargo,
Grand Forks, and
Winnipeg.
Paleogeographic Lake Agassiz laid down the Red River Valley silts.
U.S. geographical importance
The U.S. government uses the term to generally describe the sections of northeastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota which the U.S. secured title to following the
Anglo-American Convention of 1818. Centered around the
Red River of the North, these lands had previously been under the control of
Great Britain. This land became part of the U.S. when the second article of the 1818 treaty declared the
49th parallel to be the official border between the U.S. and
Canada up to the
Rocky Mountains. (This borderline was extended to the
Pacific Ocean in 1846 under the
Oregon Treaty.) The land acquired from the treaty had an area of 29,601,920 acres (119,794.72 km²), comprising 1.3 percent of total U.S. land area.
It is often thought that the title was secured by the U.S. at no cost. However, the territory of the original
Louisiana Purchase west of the Red River Valley does extend north of the 49th parallel. Annexed by Britain in exchange its cession of the Red River Valley, the northernmost parts of the Louisiana Purchase are the only North American territory ever ceded by the United States to a foreign power. However, compared to the Red River Valley the territory acquired by Britain was much smaller in size, and more arid.
The region was sparsely populated until Ojibwe claims to the most fertile portions of the valley were extinguished in the
Treaty of Old Crossing (1863), after which it opened rapidly to agricultural development and settlement in the 1870s and 1880s. The area is one of several distinct
regions of Minnesota.
Further Information
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